THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF WOOD-BASED RECYCLATE AND LOW-QUALITY TIMBER IN PARTICLEBOARD ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FURNITURE JOINTS
Keywords:
wooden recyclate, particleboard, furniture joints, joint mechanical propertiesAbstract
The effect of particleboard (PB) composition made of recycled or lower-quality timber on the mechanical properties of selected furniture joints is determined in the paper. The tested PBs were manufactured using recycled PB or blockboard from old furniture and lower- quality timber with brown or white rot. The laboratory-produced control PB with particle content of 100% sound spruce wood (Picea abies Karst. L.) and commercial PBs were used for comparison of the results. The load capacity and stiffness of corner joints with the confirmat (ø5 × 50 mm) and wooden dowel (ø6 × 30 mm) and the withdrawal resistance and stiffness of the screw (ø3.5 × 30 mm) were tested. The corner joints were loaded under compression by bending moment in the angular plane. In terms of load-carrying capacity, control PB was the most suitable in achieving a load-carrying capacity of 7827.61 N∙mm for the confirmat and PB from recycled blockboard 4072.71 N∙mm when using the wooden dowel. As for joint stiffness, the best values achieved were 1316.00 N∙mm/° and 808.58 N∙mm/° for the PB from recycled blockboard using the confirmat and dowel, respectively. PB from recycled blockboard again showed the highest values of screw withdrawal resistance - for the edge withdrawal 416.61 N and for the surface withdrawal 556.44 N. Considering the values found for the investigated mechanical properties, it was assumed that the tested materials can be used as non-load-bearing elements in furniture construction.
References
Antov, P., Jivkov, V., Savov, V., Simeonova, R., Yavorov, N., 2020. Structural application of eco-friendly composites from recycled wood fibres bonded with magnesium lignosulfonate. Applied Sciences 10(21), 7526. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217526
Bardak, S., 2018. Predicting the impacts of various factors on failure load of screw joints for particleboard using artificial neural networks. BioResources 13(2), 3868–3879.
https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.2.3868-3879
Çinar, H., 2005. Eco-design and furniture: Environmental impacts of wood-based panels, surface and edge finishes. Forest Products Journal, 55(11), 27–33.
Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products. [Access 2023-11-28]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/125/oj
Efe, H., Erdil, Y.Z., Kasal, A., Imirzi, H.O., 2004. Withdrawal strength and moment resistance of screwed T-type end-to-side grain furniture joints. Forest Products Journal, 54(11), 91–98.
EN ISO 14044:2020. Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines.
Guler, C., Ozen, R., 2004. Some properties of particleboards made from cottonstalks (gossypium hirsitum l.). Holz roh werkst 62: 40-43.
Halada, K., Yamamoto, R., 2001. The current status of research and development on ecomaterials around the world. MRS bulletin, 26(11), 871–879. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.227
Hoelz, K., Doerner, P.T., Hohlweg, J., Matthiesen, S., 2022. Influence of thread parameters on the withdrawal capacity of wood screws to optimize the thread geometry. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 80(3), 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01792-9
Chen, Y., Zhu, S., Guo, Y., Liu, S., Tu, D., Fan, H., 2016. Investigation on withdrawal resistance of screws in reconstituted bamboo lumber. Wood Research 61(5), 799–810.
Iždinský, J., Vidholdová, Z., Reinprecht, L., 2020. Particleboards from recycled wood. Forests, 11(11), 1166.
Iždinský, J., Reinprecht, L., Vidholdová, Z., 2021. Particleboards from recycled pallets. Forests, 12(11), 1597.
Jivkov, V., Kyuchukov, B., Simeonova, R., Marinova, A., 2017. Withdrawal capacity of screws and confirmat into different wood-based panels. in Proceedings of the The XXVIIIth International Conference Research for Furniture Industry, Poznan, Poland, 21–22.
Kasal, A., Yüksel, M.F., Fathollahzadeh, A., Erdil, Y.Z., Yildirim, N., 2011. Ultimate failure load and stiffness of screw jointed furniture cabinets constructed of particleboard and medium-density fiberboard. Forest Products Journal 61, 155–160. https://doi.org/10.13073/0015-7473-61.2.155
Kord, B., Roohani, M., Kord, B., 2015. Characterization and utilization of reedstem as a lignocelulosic resource for particleboard production. Maderas. Ciencia ytecnología 17(3): 517-524.
Kowaluk, G., Wronka, A., 2019. Influence of density on selected properties of furniture particleboards made of raspberry rubus idaeus l. Lignocellulosic particles. Annals of warsaw university of life sciences sggw forestry and wood technology, vol. 105, pp. 62-70. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7719
Kucuktuvek, M., Kasal, A., Kuskun, T., Erdil, Y. Z., 2017. Utilizing poppy husk-based particleboards as an alternative material in case furniture construction. BioResources 12(1), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.839-852
Kwon, J. H., Ayrilmis, N., Han, T. H., 2013. Enhancement of flexural properties and dimensional stability of rice husk particleboard using wood strands in face layers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 44(1), 728-732.
Langová, N., Joščák, P. 2018. Mechanical properties of screw of furniture constructions. 1st edn. ed. Publishing House of the Technical University, Zvolen (in Slovak).
Majewski, A., Krystofiak, T., Smardzewski, J., 2020. Mechanical properties of corner joints made of honeycomb panels with double arrow-shaped auxetic cores. Materials 13, 4212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184212
Mohd Azman, M.A.H., Ahmad Sobri, S., Norizan, M.N., Ahmad, M.N., Wan Ismail, W.O.A.S., Hambali, K.A., Hairi, M.H., Hermawan, A., Mohamed, M., Teo, P.T., Taharin, M. R., Noor, N.A.M., 2021. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of particleboard: investigation of the environmental parameters. Polymers 13, 2043. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132043
Pelc, O., Kowaluk, G., 2023. Selected physical and mechanical properties of particleboards with variable shares of nettle Urtica dioica L. lignocellulosic particles. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology, vol. 123, pp. 30-40. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9307
Pereira, A. A., d'Almeida, J. R., 2018. Mechanical and physical screw withdrawal properties behavior of agglomerated panels reinforced with coir and pejibaye fibers. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 13(5), 286-295.
Podskarbi, M., Smardzewski, J., Moliński, K., Molińska-Glura, M., 2016. Design methodology of new furniture joints. Drvna industrija 67(4), 371–680.
Rivela, B., Hospido, A., Moreira, T., Feijoo, G. 2006. Life cycle inventory of particleboard: A case study in the wood sector. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1065/lca2005.05.206
Sackey, E., Semple, K., Won Oh, S., Smith, G.D., 2008. Improving core bond strength of particleboard through particle size redistribution. Wood Fiber Sci 40(2): 214-224. https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/752
Santos, A., Carvalho, A., Barbosa-Povoa, A., 2021. An economic and environmental comparison between forest wood products–Uncoated woodfree paper, natural cork stoppers and particle boards. Journal of Cleaner Production 296, 26469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126469
Satinová, V., Hlaváč, P., Iždinský, J., Reinprecht, L., 2022. Rot evaluation in spruce logs and rot reflection into dimensions of chips for particleboards. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 64(2), 5-16.
Silva, V.U., Nascimento, M.F., Oliveira, P.R., Panzera, T.H., Rezende, M.O., Silva, D.A.L., de Moura Aquino, V.B., Lahr, F.A.R. and Christoforo, A.L., 2021. Circular vs. linear economy of building materials: A case study for particleboards made of recycled wood and biopolymer vs. conventional particleboards. Construction and Building Materials 285, 122906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122906
Smardzewski, J., İmirzi, H. O., Lange, J., Podskarbi, M., 2015. Assessment method of bench joints made of wood-based composites. Composite Structures 123, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.039
Smardzewski, J., Majewski, A. 2013. Strength and durability of furniture drawers and doors. Materials & Design 51, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.101
STN EN 322: 1995. Wood-based panels. Determination of moisture content.
STN EN 323: 1996. Wood-based panels. Determination of density.
STN EN 26891: 1995. Timber structures. Joints made with mechanical fasteners. General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics.
Sydor, M., Zmyślony, G., Pinkowski, G., Szymański, W., 2015. The influence of pitch on the holding power of screws in scots pine wood. Annals of warsaw university of life sciences-sggw. Forestry and wood technology 90, 193–197.
Taj, M. A., Kazemi Najafi, S., Ebrahimi, G., 2009. Withdrawal and lateral resistance of wood screw in beech, hornbeam and poplar. In European Journal of Wood and Wood Products (Vol. 67, Issue 2, pp. 135–140). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-008-0294-9
The Act No. 529/2010 Coll. on Environmental design and use of products (“Eco-design Act”) [online]. [Access 2023-11-28]. Available: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2010/529/
The Act No. 529/2010 Coll. on Environmental design and use of products (“Eco-design Act”) [online]. [Access 2023-11-28]. Available: https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2010/529/
Vilkovský, P., Vilkovská, T., Klement, I., Čunderlík, I., 2022. The Analysis Effect of Selected Factors on the Shear Strength of Woodbark at Different Wood Species. Forests, 13, 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050637
Wang, Y., Lee, S. H., 2014. Design and analysis on interference fit in the hardwood dowel-glued joint by finite element method. Procedia Engineering 79, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.326
Wronka, A.; Kowaluk, G., 2022. The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties. Materials 15, 23: 8487. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238487
Yorur, H., Birinci, E., Gunay, M. N., Tor, O., 2020. Effects of factors on direct screw withdrawal resistance in medium density fiberboard and particleboard. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 22(3), 375-384.