DENSITY OF BEECH (Fagus sylvatica L.) WOOD THROUGH A CROSS-SECTION OF THE TRUNK
Keywords:
denisty wood, beech wood, sapwood, mature wood, false heartwoodAbstract
Differences in the density of beech wood in an absolutely dry state in individual zones: sapwood, mature wood, and false heartwood through a cross-section of the trunk are presented in the paper. The wood density of individual zones was determined with a digital density meter. Experimental measurements and subsequent statistical processing of the measured values showed that the density of beech samples with a false heartwood has a decreasing tendency through the cross-section of the trunk from the center of the trunk to the edge. The highest density ρ0 = 703.8 ± 36.1 kg.m-3 was observed in the dry state of beech samples with false heartwood. The density of mature wood in the absolutely dry state was 5.5% less compared to false heartwood, and the density of sapwood was 13.6 % less compared to false heartwood. The proven differences in the density of absolutely dry beech wood in the individual zones do not exceed the natural range of the density values of the beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) mentioned in the professional literature. For the above reason, it is not necessary to take into account the changes in the density of the wood through the cross-section of the trunk in common technical applications. The presented data contribute to the objectification of information about the properties of beech wood and enrich current knowledge.
References
Čunderlík, I., 2009. Wood structure. Technical university of Zvolen, Slovakia 135 p. ISBN 978-80-228-2061-5
Babiak, M., Čunderlík, I., Kúdela, J., 1990. Permeability and structure of beech wood. IAWA bulletin, 11(2): 115.
Bectaş I., Güller C., Baştürk M.A., 2002. Principal mechanical properties of eastern beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) naturally grown in Andirin Northeastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 26: 147–154.
Bauch, J., Koch, G., 2001. Biologische und chemische Untersuchungen über Holzverfarbungen der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.) und Möglichkeiten vorbeugender Maßnahmen. Abschlussbericht, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Universi-tät Hamburg, 2001.
Diaconu D., Wassenberg M., Spiecker H., 2016. Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between treering growth and aspect. Forest Ecosystems 3-6.
Dudiak, M., 2021. Modification of maple wood colour during the process of thermal treatment with saturated water steam. Acta Fac. Xylologiae Zvolen 2021, 63, 25–34.
Dzurenda, L., Dudiak, M., 2020. Changes in wood tree species Fagus sylvatica L. and characteristics of the thermal process of modify-ing its color with saturated water steam. Advances in ecological and environmental research. 2020, 5, 142-156.
Dzurenda, L., 2022. Mode for hot air drying of steamed beech blanks while keeping the colours acquired in the steaming process. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen. Zvolen, 64(1), 81-88.
Dzurenda, L., Dudiak, M., Kučerová, V., 2023. Differences in Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Beechwood with False Heartwood, Mature Wood and Sapwood. Forests, 14, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14061123
Govorčin S., Sinković T., Trajković J., Despot, R., 2003. Bukovina. Zagreb, Common beech in Croatia: 652–669.
Gryc, V., Vavrčík, H., Gomola, Š., 2008. Selected properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Journal of forest science, 54, (9): 418–425.
Chovanec, D., Korytárová, O., 1989. Signs of the first phase of beech steaming. Drevo, 44, 311.
Jacenko-Chmelevskij, A.A., 1954. Fundamentals and Methods of Anatomical Study of Wood. Moskva-Leningrad.
Janota, I., Kurjatko, S., 1978. Variability of beech wood density. Wood research. 23, pp. 25–40.
Klement, I., Réh, R., Detvaj, J., 2010. Basic characteristics of forest trees - processing of wood raw material in the wood processing industry. Zvolen: NLC. 82 p.
Mahler, G., Höwecke, B., 1991. Verkernungserscheinungen bei der Buche in Baden- Württemberg in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Standort und Durchmesser. Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 142: 375−390.
Makovíny I., 2010. Useful properties and use of different types of wood. TU Zvolen, Zvolen.
Mišíková O., 2006. The hardness and density of beech wood from necrotic wounds and opposite wood. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium Wood Structure of Properties 06. Zvolen, Arbora Publishers: 309–311.
Molnár, S., Németh, R., Fehér, S., Tolvaj, L., Papp, G., Varga, F., 2001. Technical and technological properties of Hungarian beech wood consider the red heart. Wood research, 46(1), 21-30.
Nečesaný, V., 1958. Beech false heartwood, structure, origin and development. Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava. 256 p
Požgaj, A., Chovanec, D., Kurjatko, S., Babiak, M., 1997. Structure and properties of wood. Bratislava, Slovakia, Príroda, 1997, 485 p.
Račko, V., Čunderlík, I., 2010. Mature wood as a limiting factor in the formation of a false heartwood beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Acta facultatis xylologiae Zvolen,52 (1), 15 – 24.
Regináč, L., Babiak, M., Beničák, J., Dubovský, J., Kurjatko, S., Ladomerský, J., Makovíny, I., Požgaj A., 1990. The science of wood II. ES-VŠLD. 424 p.
Sachsse, H., 1967. Uber das wasser/gas - verhaltnis im holzporenraum lebender bäume im hinblick auf die kernbildung. Holz als Roh und Werkstoff, 25: 291−303.
STN 49 0108. Wood. Determination of density, 1993.
STN EN 13183–1. Moisture Content of a Piece of Sawn Timber–Part1: Determination by Oven Dry Method; Slovenian Institute for Standardization: Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2003.
Trenčiansky, M., Lieskovský, M., Merganič, J., Šulek, R., 2017. Analysis and evaluation of the impact of stand age on the occurrence and metamorphosis of red heartwood. Forest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10(3):605-610.
Torelli, N., 1984. The ecology of discolored wood as illustrated by beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). IAWA Bulletin 5(2): 121−127.
Vilkovská, T., Klement, I., Výbohová, E., 2018. The effect of tension wood on the selected physical properties and chemical composi-tion of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) Acta facultatis xylologiae Zvolen, 60 (1):31 – 40.
Wagenführ R., 2000. Holzatlas. Leipzig, Fachbuchverlag Lepzig: 707.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Journal publishes in an open access model. It provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this Journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. See the Open Access License document.
