KERATIN AS A FORMALDEHYDE SCAVENGER FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WOOD-BASED PANELS
Keywords:
keratin, urea-formaldehyde resin, plywood, formaldehyde emission, scavengerAbstract
The use of polycondensation urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins in the woodworking and furniture industries is widespread due to their relatively low price, high reactivity, availability of raw materials, and ease of use. After curing, they provide a transparent, brittle joint, but their main disadvantage is the continuous emission of formaldehyde. The naturally occurring biopolymer keratin and the amino acid cysteine prepared from sheep wool were chosen and tested as possible agents for UF adhesives, allowing the reduction of formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels. Emissions of formaldehyde were determined in accordance with EN ISO 12460-4. The gluing quality was tested according to standard EN 314-1, and the tested plywood met the requirements of standard EN 314-2. The most significant decrease in formaldehyde emission by up to 44.0% was achieved by applying 1% MOD-I (pre-condensate of glutaraldehyde and urea + cysteine) to the reference UF adhesive. Therefore, samples prepared for this study have great potential for application as environmentally friendly formaldehyde scavengers.
References
Buljan, J., Reich, G., Ludvík, J., 1997. Mass Balance in Leather Processing”. Centenary Congress of the IULCS, London, 138–156.
Kolomazník, K., Mládek, M., Langmaier, F., Janáčová, D., Taylor, M.M., 2000. Experiences in Industrial Practice of Enzymatic Dechromation Shavings. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 95, 55–63.
Langmaier, F., Kolomazník, K., Mládek, M., Šivarová, J., 2005. Curing urea-formaldehyde adhesives with hydrolysates of chrome-tanned leather waste from leather production. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 25, 101–108.
Langmaier, F., Šivarová, J., Kolomazník, K., Mládek, M., 2004. Curing of urea-formaldehyde adhesives with collagen type hydrolysates under acid condition. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 76, 1015.
Matyašovský, J., Kopný, J., Meluš, P., Sedliačik, J., Sedliačik, M., 2001. Modifikácia polykondenzačných lepidiel bielkovinami. Pokroky vo výrobe a použití lepidiel v drevopriemysle. TU Zvolen, 37–42.
Matyašovský, J., SEDLIAČIK, J., JURKOVIČ, P., KOPNÝ, J., DUCHOVIČ, P., 2011. De-chroming of chromium shavings without oxidation to hazardous Cr6+”. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 106, 8–17.
Pünterer A. 1995. The Ecological Challenge of Producing Leather. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 90, 206–215.
Ružiak, I., Igaz, R., Krišťák, L., Réh, R., Mitterpach, J., Očkajová, A., Kučerka, M., 2017. Influence of Ureaformaldehyde Adhesive Modification with Beech Bark on Chosen Properties of Plywood. BioResources 12(2), 3250–3264.
Sedliačik, J., Matyašovský, J., Šmidriaková, M., Sedliačiková, M., Jurkovič, P., 2011. Application of Collagen Colloid from Chrome Shavings for Innovative Polycondensation Adhesives. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 106(11), 332–340.
Sedliačik J., Sedliačiková M., 2009. Innovation tendencies at application of adhesives in wood working industry. In: Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology, Warszawa, No 69, s. 262–266.
Sun, S., Zhong, Z., 2000. Adhesives from modified soy proteins. In Wood Adhesives 2000. Extended Abstracts. Nevada: Forest Products Society, 5–6.
Šimon, P., 2006. Induction periods – theory and applications. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 84, 263–270.
Šimon, P., Kolman, L., 2001. DSC study of oxidation induction periods. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 64, 813–820.
Zhao, Y., Ding, Z., 2012. The Application of Keratin in the Field of Wood Adhesive. World Automation Congress Proceedings, Puerto Vallarta; Mexico, 1–5.
EN 314-1: 2004. Plywood. Bonding quality. Part 1: Test methods. European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium.
EN 314-2: 1993. Plywood. Bonding quality. Part 2: Requirements. European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium.
EN ISO 12460-4: 2016. Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 4: Desiccator method. European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Journal publishes in an open access model. It provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license.