UTILISATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF WOOD BY-PRODUCTS FROM PRIMARY WOOD PROCESSING
Keywords:
cascade coefficient; harvested wood products; by-products; sawnwood.Abstract
Successful implementation of wood utilisation in various industry sectors is a driving force for building a sustainable society. Knowing the volume of by-products is essential for assessing the industry's contribution to the circular economy based on the level of application of wood cascading principles. The study deals with the analysis of actual wood use patterns in Slovakia with a focus on wood by-product management. The obtained data are the basis for calculating a cascading coefficient to evaluate the use of wood in the whole chain of its processing and utilisation. Results confirm that the most important producer of wood by-products is the sawmilling industry, consuming approximately 40% of the total volume of industrial wood. The value of the cascading coefficient in the Slovak Republic calculated with the inclusion of sources and products for energy use based on 2020 data determined on the basis of a questionnaire survey was 1.33.
References
Bais-Moleman, A. L., Sikkema, R., Vis, M., Reumerman, P., Theurl, M. C., Erb, K. H., 2018. Assessing wood use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of wood product cascading in the European Union. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 3942–3954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.153
Brunet-Navarro, P., Jochheim, H., Kroiher, F., Muys, B., 2018. Effect of cascade use on the carbon balance of the German and European wood sectors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 170, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.09.135
Buongiorno, J., Raunikar, R., Zhu, S., 2011. Consequences of increasing bioenergy demand on wood and forests: An application of the Global Forest Products Model. Journal of Forest Economics, 17(2), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2011.02.008
European Commission. 2018. Communication from the commission to the european parliament, the council, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. Brussels.
Fao, Itto, United Nations, 2020. Forest product conversion factors. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7952en
Faostat., 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division. Forestry Production and Trade. Retrieved April 4, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO
Fraanje, P. J., 1997. Cascading of pine wood. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 19(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(96)01159-7
Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R., 2011. Energy and CO2 analysis of wood substitution in construction. Climatic Change, 105 (1), 129–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9876-8
Haberl, H., Geissler, S., 2000. Cascade utilization of biomass: Strategies for a more efficient use of a scarce resource. Ecological Engineering, 16 (SUPPL. 1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(00)00059-8
Höglmeier, K., Weber-Blaschke, G., Richter, K., 2017. Potentials for cascading of recovered wood from building deconstruction—A case study for south-east Germany. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 117, 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2015.10.030
Howard, C., Dymond, C. C., Griess, V. C., Tolkien-Spurr, D., van Kooten, G. C., 2021. Wood product carbon substitution benefits: a critical review of assumptions. Carbon Balance and Management, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-021-00171-w
Keegan, D., Kretschmer, B., Elbersen, B., Panoutsou, C., 2013. Cascading use: A systematic approach to biomass beyond the energy sector. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 7(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1351
Mair, C., Stern, T., 2017. Cascading Utilization of Wood: a Matter of Circular Economy? Current Forestry Reports, 3(4), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-017-0067-y
Mantau, U., 2012. Wood flows in Europe (EU 27). Project Report, Commissioned by CEPI (Confederation of European Paper Industries) and CEI-Bois (European Confederation of Woodworking Industries).
Mantau, U., 2015. Wood flow analysis: Quantification of resource potentials, cascades and carbon effects. Biomass and Bioenergy, 79, 28–38. Elsevier Ltd. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.08.013
Mantau, U., Saal, U., Prins, K., Steierer, F., Lindner, M., Verkerk, H., Eggers, J., Leek, N., Oldenburger, J., Asikainen, A., Anttila, P., 2010. Methodology report Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests EUwood. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3372.0642
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic., 2023. Report on the forest sector of the Slovak Republic 2022. https://www.mpsr.sk/zelena-sprava-2022/123---18463/
Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe - FOREST EUROPE. 2020. State of Europe´s Forests. In State of Europe’s Forests. https://foresteurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/SoEF_2020.pdf
Moravčík, M., Parobek, J., Paluš, H., Kovalčík, M., 2023. Využitie zdrojov dreva v SR – kaskádový prístup. Aktuálne otázky ekonomiky a politiky lesného hospodárstva Slovenskej republiky, 180 [Utilization of wood resources in the Slovak Republic – a cascade approach. Current issues of economics and forestry policy of the Slovak Republic, 180]. https://web.nlcsk.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Zbornik2024.pdf
Parobek, J., Paluš, H., 2016. The concept of cascaded use of wood in Slovkia. 9 Th International Scientific Conference WoodEMA 2016 The Path Forward for Wood Products: A Global Perspective, 101–106.
Parobek, J., Paluš, H., 2024. Wood-Based Waste Management—Important Resources for Construction of the Built Environment. Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment, 213–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1
Parobek, J., Paluš, H., Kaputa, V., Šupín, M., 2014. Analysis of wood flows in Slovakia. BioResources, 9(4), 6453–6462. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.4.6453-6462
Raunikar, R., Buongiorno, J., Turner, J. A., Zhu, S., 2010. Global outlook for wood and forests with the bioenergy demand implied by scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Forest Policy and Economics, 12(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.013
Sirkin, T., ten Houten, M., 1994. The cascade chain: A theory and tool for achieving resource sustainability with applications for product design. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 10(3), 213–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(94)90016-7
UNECE., 2020. Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire. [WWW Document]. URL https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/jq2020def-e.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ján Parobek, Hubert Paluš , Martin Moravčík , Miroslav Kovalčík , Michal Dzian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Journal publishes in an open access model. It provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license.
